Write down one formal word for each of the following informal words.

1. to deal with
2. to bring back
3. to throw away
4. childish
5. anyway
6. to say
7. away
8. sick
9. to speed up
10. to buy

Which of the following elements belong in a CV?

What does not belong in a summary?

What should you describe in a cartoon analysis?

In which tense do you describe the cartoon?

In which tense do you describe the action that is happening in the cartoon?

Answer the following questions.

1. What does the introduction of a cartoon analysis consist of?
   
2. What should you focus on in the interpretation part?
   
3. What should you focus on in the last part: the evaluation?
4. What should you pay extra attention to?

Write a short text characterizing yourself or someone you know. Make sure to include the following characteristics when characterizing.

• Appearance
• Behavior
• Personality
• Thoughts

List the ways in which Cinderella is characterized in the following extract.

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl named Cinderella. She lived with her wicked stepmother and two stepsisters. They treated Cinderella very badly. One day, they were invited for a grand ball in the king’s palace. But Cinderella’s stepmother would not let her go. Cinderella was made to sew new party gowns for her stepmother and stepsisters, and curl their hair. They then went to the ball, leaving Cinderella alone at home.

Cinderella felt very sad and began to cry. Suddenly, a fairy godmother appeared and said, “Don’t cry, Cinderella! I will send you to the ball!” But Cinderella was sad. She said, “I don’t have a gown to wear for the ball!” The fairy godmother waved her magic wand and changed Cinderella’s old clothes into a beautiful new gown! The fairy godmother then touched Cinderella’s feet with the magic wand. And lo! She had beautiful glass slippers! “How will I go to the grand ball?” asked Cinderella. The fairy godmother found six mice playing near a pumpkin, in the kitchen. She touched them with her magic wand and the mice became four shiny black horses and two coachmen and the pumpkin turned into a golden coach. Cinderella was overjoyed and set off for the ball in the coach drawn by the six black horses. Before leaving. the fairy godmother said, “Cinderella, this magic will only last until midnight! You must reach home by then!”

Which of the following aspects are important for a characterization?

Write one sentence for each of the following tenses.

1. present progressive
2. will future
3. past perfect
4. present perfect progressive

Write down which tense or tenses are used in each of the following sentences.

1. It will rain for the next three days.
2. They had been to South America before they went to New Zealand.
3. Julia is working on a new technology, at the moment.
4. Catherine has been looking for her phone for one week.
5. Daniel is going to graduate from college next week.
6. It was a boring drive.

Which of the following sentences are written in the present perfect tense?

Fill in the blanks using the correct tense.

1. She ____ (go) to the club last night.
2. He ____ (watch) the football game right now.
3. They ____ (be) to Germany before the were in England.
4. We ____ (not accomplish) anything tomorrow.

What is usually found in an essay introduction?

Find more formal words to replace the terms marked below.

1. This study shows ...
2. Lots of people consider ...
3. He has got to find better proof.
4. One issue has been found.
5. The author discussed issues like obesity and diets.

Insert quite / rather / fairly in the following sentences to emphasize caution.

1. The government's efforts to save money were successful.
2. The latest study concerning obesity is well-written.
3. Her first book received much attention.
4. The students were fascinated by the seminar.

Rewrite the following sentences in a more suitable and formal way.

1. Unfortunately, a lot of people don't have jobs these days.
2. You can't always trust the statistics in that report.
3. He really thinks that we should pay students to study.
4. A few years ago African-Americans were given their rights.

Rewrite the following sentences in two ways using different transitions to emphasize the cause or the effect.

1. Apples fall to the ground because of gravity.
2. Growing up in a poor neighborhood motivated me to excel in school.
3. Radio listening is declining since more people spend time on the internet.
4. Educated people have fewer children. Some experts believe this is why they are spending more money on entertainment every year.

Rewrite the following dialogue by using expressions to voice opinions.

Howard: Technology will erase millions of jobs.

Erica: Technology will indeed erase jobs, but it will also create new jobs.

Howard: What jobs will people work in, who don't have any knowledge of technology?

Erica: They will be trained, so they can work in technology or other open jobs.

Howard: There will be high unemployment rates.

Erica: In the end, technology will make every job obsolete. So, we will have to completely rethink our system.

Howard: Other systems will not work.

Erica: They will have to or we will not make it as a society.

Which of the following expressions voice opinions?

Translate the following text into German.

What if machines were better at driving trucks? What if machines were better servers at McDonald’s? What if robots would do your taxes for you? 

Machines are taking the world by storm and the impact of Artificial Intelligence is increasing labor productivity by up to 40%. 

Robot production is growing drastically, as robots are becoming cheaper to produce. Companies are expanding their investment in Artificial Intelligence, year after year. 

Can Artificial Intelligence replace mankind in the economy by developing the same power as the human brain or, in other words, will a robot take your job?

It’s an amazing time: driverless cars, drones delivering packages and chatbots taking fast food orders. In fact, this trend is even called “the next industrial revolution”. 

And it does not come without a lot of fear concerning job losses and means of making a living. Of course, technology will eliminate many jobs – it has always done so.

Predictions about those job losses range from a few million to over a billion. But while AI will make some jobs obsolete, it will make way for other jobs in other areas. Even today, there is a huge number of technology jobs that did not exist ten years ago. There is no reason to believe that the need for humans to create and manage new technology will decrease. Humans create and humans control. Robots and AI are tools that can be used when given the right instructions. The point is that humans and technology must work together. Robots could never replace the need for creative thinking, problem-solving and teamwork.

Many of the once tedious tasks performed by humans are now performed by Artificial Intelligence, allowing professionals to focus on more advisory roles that bring greater value to clients.

AI’s impact will be felt everywhere – and the global economy will get a 15.7 trillion-dollar boost from AI, as it shapes entire industries.  

Read the following text about chinstrap penguins and answer the questions below in complete sentences.

1. How is the island, where the chinstrap penguins nest, described in the text?
2. How are the chinstrap penguins described?
3. What did the scientists discover?
4. What are the reasons for the decline in chinstrap penguin populations?
   
   

Just north of the Antarctic Peninsula, there’s a small, ice-covered island shaped like an elephant’s head. Each year, despite brutal winds and a landscape of crags, cliffs, and glaciers, hundreds of thousands of chinstrap penguins manage to nest on these shores, creating a living sea of black-and-white feathers.

“They’re like little mountaineers,” says Noah Strycker, an ornithologist and graduate student at New York’s Stony Brook University. “They climb up 300 to 400 feet in some places.”

But when Strycker and his fellow scientists spent 11 days counting chinstrap nests as part of a scientific survey this January, they discovered tens of thousands of penguins were missing.

“Comparing it to the number from 50 years ago, we’ve found a 56 percent drop in chinstrap penguin nests, which is rather shocking,” says Strycker.

Due to its remote location and challenging conditions, the last census of the chinstrap penguins of Elephant Island was taken in 1971, and that survey identified 123,000 nests. Strycker and his team found less than half of that number.

While the recent expedition did not research the causes of such a precipitous drop, other researchers have found links to climate change, says Strycker.

For instance, a 2016 study found that over the past 40 years, tiny crustaceans called krill have declined by up to 80 percent in some Antarctic seas, possibly as a result of warming water temperatures. Krill are the foundation of the Antarctic food web: Chinstraps eat the shrimp-like creatures, as do small fish (which penguins also eat).

(Article was taken from National Geographic and was written by Jason Bittel on 11/02/2020)

Read the following paragraph and summarize it in German.

Chronic kidney disease affects one in 10 adults worldwide, and in more prosperous countries, it’s often associated with diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. But in the past few decades, young people—primarily agricultural workers from very hot, rural, poor parts of the world—have been showing up at clinics with advanced stages of kidney failure that could not be tied to other conditions.

(This extract was taken from National Geographic and was written by Alejandra Borunda on 14/08/2018)

Read the following paragraph and summarize it in English.

Das neue Coronavirus, das seinen Ursprung im chinesischen Wuhan hat, wurde mittlerweile in mehr als 15 Ländern gemeldet, darunter auch in Deutschland und den USA. In den Nachrichten kommt man an der aktuellen Entwicklung der Pandemie gar nicht vorbei. Währenddessen treibt größtenteils unbeachtet ein anderer, jährlich wiederkehrender Bekannter sein Unwesen: die Grippe. Allein in den USA hat die aktuelle Grippesaison bereits 8.200 Menschenleben gefordert.

Mittlerweile gibt es an zahlreichen großen Flughäfen Coronaviren-Screenings und etliche Fluggesellschaften haben ihre Flüge nach China ganz gestrichen. Für alle, die trotzdem mit dem Flugzeug reisen müssen, sind diese Präventivmaßnahmen aber kein großer Trost. Schließlich gibt es wenig Möglichkeiten, einer niesenden Person aus dem Weg zu gehen, wenn man in einem fliegenden Metallkasten auf seinem Sitz ausharren muss.

(This extract was taken from National Geographic and was written by Amy McKeever on 03/02/2020)

Express each of the following sayings in German.

1. We have already been working for 4 hours. Let's call it a day.
2. Stop beating around the bush and tell me already.
3. It's not rocket science.
4. Pull yourself together.

Which of the following sayings and their equivalent German expressions are correct?

Explain to a German speaker in two sentences what happened in the following text.

Susie had been enjoying her day off until she came home. She wanted to connect her phone to her speakers in order to listen to her music while cleaning the house. After searching forever, she finally had to accept that her phone was gone. Someone must have stolen her phone on the train home. Luckily, she signed up for a service that locates your phone whenever you cannot find it. She nervously put in the details and was surprised that the phone was located right outside her house. She hectically rushed outside and found it on the ground. Laughingly, she realized that she must have dropped it when looking for her keys.

Which of the following German sayings and their equivalent English expressions are correct?

Answer the following questions.

1. What does the introduction of a poem analysis consist of?
2. What do you need to mention after the introductory sentence?

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Wenn ich Geld habe, werde ich ein Auto kaufen.

2. Wenn ich Geld hätte, würde ich ein Auto kaufen.

3. Wenn ich Geld gehabt hätte, hätte ich ein Auto gekauft.

Fill in the blanks using the correct tense.

1. He usually ____ (meet) his friends and ____ (study) with them, every Tuesday.
2. Right now, she ____ (contemplate) whether to do an apprenticeship or to go to college.
3. I ____ (not discuss) this matter with my parents, yet.
4. She ____ (study) for 5 years and ____ (not complete) her studies, yet.

Write down how each of the following tenses is formed and write down one sentence to present each of the tenses in a complete phrase.

1. Simple Past

2. Past Progressive

3. Past Perfect

4. Past Perfect Progressive

What are typical signal words for the present progressive tense?

Fill in the blanks using the correct past modal verb (could have, would have, should have).

1. I ____ come to help you. I did not know your car broke down. (past willingness)

2. She ____ brought her umbrella. She’s soaking wet, now. (past advice)

3. They ____ went hiking, but her mother did not feel well. (past possibility)

4. Oh no! I ____ looked for turtles, but I did not even know they were there. (past regret)

Write down which tense is used in each of the following sentences.

1. I'm leaving for my world trip tomorrow.
2. Have you been waiting for me this entire time?
3. My dad had been to this restaurant before.
4. Lilly was working hard that day.

Write one sentence for each of the following word orders.

1. subject - verb - object
2. subject - verb - indirect object - direct object - place - time
3. subject - verb - object - conjunction - subject - verb - indirect object
4. interrogative - auxiliary verb - subject - verb - time

Write down the correct word order for each of the following sentences (e.g. subject - verb - object).

1. Why do you like him?
2. Sally loves video games.
3. Erin convinced Bill to fly to Europe next year.
4. Mary quit her job because the boss was mean.

Put the following words in the correct order to create complete sentences.

1. living / for / have / they / been / a / now / together / while
2. because / depressed / parents / all / he / his / fight / time / the / is
3. next / festival / there / huge / rock / is / be / going to / a / week
4. Marcus / hospital / go / had to / yesterday / to / the

Put the following words in the right order.

1. take / pictures / we / every Wednesday
2. drives / every day / he / to university
3. tennis / Bill / after school / plays
4. is preparing / she / at the moment / dinner
5. to the club / the ladies / go / on Friday nights

Which of the following sentences are written in the right order?

Translate the following sentences into English. Make sure that the word order is correct.

1. Nächste Woche fahren wir mit dem Zug nach Seattle.
2. Einmal die Woche fahre ich mit dem Fahrrad zur Arbeit.
3. Bist du gestern zu Fuß zur Uni gekommen?
4. Vor vier Jahren habe ich die Welt bereist.

Add commas to the following sentences where needed.

1. As a renowned professor he has to publish one article every month and has to prove the importance of his field.
2. She said "Come back and help me."
3. Ryne's party was great wasn't it?
4. They went home and kept celebrating.

Separate the following adjectives with commas where needed.

1. John is a nice smart guy.
2. It was a cold snowy day.
3. Rebecca was wearing a red long dress.
4. Bali is a beautiful tropical island.

Use a comma to separate the elements of the dates where needed.

1. Elena's birthday is on April 25.
2. Jonathan was born on December 12 1991.
3. Evan came back from Thailand in August 2012.
4. Lilli has been living in Dresden since September 21 2014.

Use a comma to separate the following geographic places where needed.

1. Anna is from Topeka Kansas.
2. The address of the hotel is 12 Lookout Road San Francisco United States.
3. They moved to Trier Germany.
4. The following address does not seem to exist: 45 Hampton Road Wellington New Zealand.

Use a comma to offset direct speech where needed.

1. Henry said "We don't need to go."
2. "I went abroad last year" Lisa said.
3. "Did you have a good time?" his parents asked.
4. His sister asked "Do you want to watch a movie?"

Use commas to offset adverbs where needed.

1. Nevertheless he did not like France.
2. Therefore he went back to the hotel and tried to avoid her for the rest of the trip.
3. The teacher however did not like the students' idea.
4. He therefore did not want to go back to his job.

Use commas for conditional clauses if needed.

1. If I travel the world I will definitely go to South Africa.
2. I would quit my job and follow my dreams if I had enough money.
3. She would go back to university if it did not cost anything.
4. If they see a turtle they will finally be able to cross it off their bucket list.

Which of the following sentences require a comma / commas?