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What are the mechanical disadvantages of the location for pin placement in the mandibula?
- Lies along the compression side of the bone
- Minimal medial-lateral width for pin purchase
What are the advantages of external fixator over plating in the vertebral column (4)?
- Application in a closed or open approach
- frame outside the body + only pins traversing the area = smaller mass of implanted material and less trauma to soft tissues
- not rely on integrity of adjacent articular processes
- can be combined with decompressive procedures
What is a SPIDER?
secured pin intramedullary dorsal epoxy resin
Intramedullary pin placement + dorsal contouring of the pins
+ transtarsal full pin
Which structures should be avoid in pin placement in the mandibula (2)?
- tooth roots in the alveolar bone
- neurovascular structures within mandibular canal
What is the common complication in external fixator in the mandibula and what is the clinical relevance?
Premature pin loosening
=> typically incidental finding at time of implant removal
In which part is it possible to do a full pin fixation across both mandible and why?
rostral portion of mandible
=> caudal: interference with intermandibular soft tissue structures + restriction of tongue movement
What is the difference in pins placement in meta-bones between proximally and distally from carpometacarpal or tarsometatarsal joints?
proximally: Meta-bones = parallel to each other
=> secured with medial to laterally placed pins
distally : More arched relationship to each other
=> No more than 2 meta-bone with a single pin or wire
Why it is discouraged to put one pin in meta-bones II and IV to fix them together?
Weight => convexity of meta-bones flattens => force abaxial met-bone to move dorsally => impinge against pin placed through III and IV
Where can the pins be placed in a mandibula?
Ventral mandibular border
Name advantages of a positive threaded pin?
Wghich type of fixator can be used in the mandibula and which material is preferred and why (5)?
- type Ia or modified type II
- free-form acrylic
=> Easy contouring, Ability to capture pins in different planes, Match the shape of the bone, Light, Easy to clean
What are the advantages (2) and disadvantages (2) of external fixation in the vertebral column?
- Removing of fixator
- Allow motion across disc spaces
- Exposure of external skeletal fixator (infection, trauma)
- In larger dogs: greater muscle mass => ↑ stress on pin and pin-bone interface because longer working lengths of the pin =>↑ risk premature pin loosening
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