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Most common cause of infection-related deaths (Mandell 9th p 889)
Acute pneumonia
Defined as pus in the pleural space and represents a late manifestation of complicated pleural effusions (Mandell 9th p 898)
Empyema
Most common cause of acute bronchitis (Mandell 9th p875)
Viruses (rhinovirus, influenza, RSV)
Risk factors for Pseudomonas in COPD patients (Mandell 9th p 885)
1. >4 episodes antibiotics in past year
2. Hospitalization within past 90 days
3. Prior culture for Pseudomonas
4. FEV1 <50% predicted
Likely cause of pneumonia in a patient with "currant-jelly" sputum (Mandell 9th p 895)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Likely cause of pneumonia in a patient with expectorated sputum showing lancet-shaped gram positive diplococci and a positive quellung reaction (Mandell 9th p 895)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Chronic lung disease with irreversible airflow limitation with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio (Mandell 9th p 879)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Most frequent colonizing organism in COPD patients (Mandell 9th p 879)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
RSV
TRUE or FALSE: A sputum sample is not recommended routinely in either GOLD guidelines or ACCP (Mandell 9th p 884)
TRUE
Best predictor for COPD exacerbation (Mandell 9th p 880)
Past history of exacerbations
Self limited syndrome characterized by acute cough with or without sputum but without signs of pneumonia (Mandell 9th p 875)
Acute bronchitis
Imaging technique that represents as the gold standard of making a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia (Mandell 9th p 899)
Chest radiography
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