Lernmaterialien für Phonetics an der Pädagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg

- air is exhaled from lungs and it flows through the larynx
- way between larynx, lips or nostrils -> air flow is modulated by the articulators

- vocal folds/cords are responsible for production of voice
->folds held together + air pushed between them they vibrate = voicing

Lower lip is raised so that it (nearly) touches the upper front teeth

F, v

Back of the tongue is moved against the soft palate / velar is heightened 

K, g

Place where the airstream through the vocal tract is obstructed
-> different parts that achieve this effect are called articulators

Velum is open and lowered

M, n

Tongue tip is positioned close to or touches the front teeth

th-sounds

- enlarge the space withing the mouth
- diminish the size of the opening of the mouth

-> front vowels tend to be unrounded & back vowels tend to be rounded

Large portion of the tongue rises to articulate with the alveolar ridge and the front of the hard palate

Air escapes sideways from tongue, tongue is touching alveolar ridge

L

Tongue tip or blade is in contact or near-contact with the upper alveolar ridge

T, d, s, z, n, l

The central portion ("front") of the tongue articulates with the hard palate

j