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Incomplete or semi states
lack some attributes required to be treated as a fully independent state, most commonly they lack territory or population
Vienna convention of the law of treaties of 1969 article 66 (a)
It makes it possible to submit any dispute on the existence of such a norm and the conflict between it and a treaty to the international court of justice.
A peremptory norm of general international law
is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of states as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character
Rules having the character of jus cogent
a) a serious breach of an international obligation of essential importance for the maintenance of international peace and security, such as that prohibiting aggression.
b) a serious breach of an international obligation of essential importance for safeguarding the right of self determination of peoples, such as that prohibiting the establishment or maintenance by force of colonial domination (authority)
c) a serious breach on a widespread scale of an international obligation of essential importance for safeguarding the human being, such as those [prohibiting slavery, genocide and apartheid.
d)a serious breach of an international obligation of essential importance for the safeguarding and preservation of the human environment such as those prohibiting massive pollution of the atmosphere or of the seas.
Dependent states
have formally surrendered from aspects fo their political and governmental functions to another state
States are political entities which have;
1) A territory
2) A population
3) A government capable of entering into international relations and control its territory and populations
4) A recognition from other states that the said country is qualified as a state
Declaratory doctrine:
The legal existence of a government happens automatically by operation of law whenever a government is capable of controlling a territory and its people.
Who are international persons ?
States and international Organizations.
What is international law ?
Body of rules and regulations that govern relations between international legal persons.
What is involved in the process of making international law ?
- General consent of international community
- Particular consent of a state
Recognition:
A unilateral declaration either explicit (express) or implicit (tacit) by other states
Independent states
Are free form the political control of other states, and free to enter into agreements with other international persons
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