Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich
Karteikarten und Zusammenfassungen für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich
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Lerne jetzt mit Karteikarten und Zusammenfassungen für den Kurs Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich.
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
cell differentiation
process through which immature cells become progressively specialised
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
morphogen
molecule that can provide positional information by regulating gene expression in a concentration dependent manner
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
How can you overcome pleiotropy and study the role of different individual genes in living organisms?
mosaic animals = composed by >2 genotipically different cells
by method of induction of mitotic recombination --> recombination occurs between sister chromatids in somatic cells before cell division producing 2 cells with different genotypes
drosophila (FLP/FRT System)
mouse (CRE/LoX-P System)
transposable elements can be used to insert in genome eg. Flp (Flipase) binds to Dna sequences caled FRT--> catalyzes chromosomal exchange, when FRT is present on both chromatids it catalyzes transchromosomal exchange. (happens in G2 phase while homologous are pared)
When Flipase is expressed while a tissue grows, there will be 2 population of cells..
cells with no recombination (normal phenotype) and homozygot mutant
when recombination happens early, intere structures are mutated (whole ear)
later induction in a tissue leads to a clone of cells, that arose from one single ancestral cell
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
organiser
Tissue that induces and patterns surroundings via induction
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
What controls pattern formation?
spatial information system (eg morphogens) operating at long range assign positional values so that cells follow a location-pertinent differentiation pathway
develop "cartesian system" --> cells need to know where they are in order to decide what to become
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
what controls cell fate?
generation of cellular diversity
short-range interactions between cells allow them to choose fates collectively--> cell-to-cell communication is the major driving force behind cellular diversity
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
What is a challenge when wanting to understand how cells adopt their fate? How can you overcome this challenge?
Understand how cell specific gene expression is regulated in space and time
Methods: Genetic screens, -omics, perturbations
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
What happens when cells have decided which fate to adopt? Next step?
they need to change physically
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
Can regulators of fate induce physical change?
NO, only effectors can (are regulated by regulators (TF, signalling pathways)
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
competent cell
defined by the ability to respond to an inductive signal, competence can be spatial and temporarily restricted
eg. cell lacks receptor and is not able to bind inducer (ligand) --> cell is not competent
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
twin spot clones
2 individual and gen. different cells that have originated from the same meiotic recombination event
Beispielhafte Karteikarten für Development of multicellular systems an der University of Zurich auf StudySmarter:
advantages of recombination
site specific
recombination is inducible, highly efficient, (gene encoding recombinase can be put under the control of a tissue specific promoter --> inducible with light, heat)
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