Englisch Steop — Introduction to Linguistics an der Universität Wien

Which form has the narrator in the following extract, "The Great Gatsby"?

"A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her, and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Follies. The party has begun.

I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited — they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island, and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks."

What view is the following text? What mode can you identify?

The door of Henry’s lunch-room opened and two men came in. They sat down at the counter.
‘What’s yours?’ George asked them.
‘I don’t know,’ one of the men said. ‘What do you want to eat, Al?’
‘I don’t know,’ said Al. ‘I don’t know what I want to eat.’
Outside it was getting dark. The street light came on outside the window. The two men at the counter read the menu. From the other end of the counter Nick Adams watched them. He had been talking to George when they came in.
‘I’ll have a roast pork tenderloin with apple sauce and mashed potatoes,' the first man said.
‘It isn’t ready yet.’
‘What the hell do you put it on the card for?’ 

What is the predominant narrative mode of the following abstract taken from Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice"?

“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.”


“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”


“Is he married or single?”


“Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”


Which statement(s) are/ is true about the temporal setting of the following abstract?

"Cecilia entered the library with a heavy heart. But before we follow her and enter upon the events which were to follow, let us consider her position in life. Cecilia had grown up an orphan under the care of a retiring uncle very much preoccupied with his studies. As soon as she was able to deal with them, the cares of the household had fallen to her and had curtailed the freedoms of her childhood. This information imparted to the interested reader, let us return to Cecilia on the threshold of the library." (English basics)

What is the relation between story and discourse time in this abstract? What is the pattern of duration?

"A second month passed, then a third, and suddenly the six months which had seemed so interminable were over. Guy asked himself whether she remembered."

(Maugham, p. 56)

Which form takes the narrator in the following abstract?

"She sat at the window watching the evening invadethe avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne. She was tired.Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clackingalong the concrete pavementand afterwardscrunching on the cinder pathbefore the new red houses. One time there used to be a fieldthere in which theyused to play every evening with other people's children. Then a man from Belfast bought the field and built houses in it—not like their little brown houses but bright brick houses with shining roofs."