Clinical Immunology an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

Hmm las mir ühberlegn?
- hihi eigneltich gahr nicht, weil i bims auf waldheim!

Soor: Candida infection

• Th17 deficiency: chronic-mucocutaneous candidiasis, HIV-1 infection

Pneumonia

CMV infection

Herpes zoster

Human Papilloma Virus HPV

toxoplasmosis

Kaposi's sarcoma due to HHV8 infection

in the dura mater. 

They express very low levels of MHCII and costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 which are important secondary signals of T cell activation 

In the brain parenchyma, only microglia are found under steady state conditions. There are also CNS resident macrophages such as the perivascular, subdural and meningeal macrophages that reside outside of the parenchyma but in the CNS.

Monocytes, monocyte derived macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B and T cells, NK cells, ILCs, Eosinophils and mast cells all reside in the borders of the CNS and can be recruited upon injury. 

Macrophages and microglia are found in the highest concentration in the CNS in regards to immune cells 

choroid plexus macrophagse 

perivascular macrophages (in virchow robbins space and the perivascular space) 

meningeal macrophages

The CSF contains ~90% T cells, ~5% B cells and ~5% monocytes, less than1% are DCs. There are very few cells in total in the resting state 

The most common cells in the CNS are the astrocytes 

Neutrophils and other granulocytes and resident dendritic cells( apart from the very few found in the choroid plexus)

few mast cells sit in the meningeal region 

• Absence of professional antigen presenting cells ( apart from microglial cells)
• Low MHCI and MHCII expression
• presence of physical barriers

However! there are immune cells found in the meninges that provide immune surveillance. 

The BBB is formed at the endothelial layer whereas the BCSFB is formed at the epithelial layer (of the choroid plexus)

Ischemic stroke 

bacterial and viral infections 

auto immune disease 

toxins 

• Neuron has neurodefibrillary tangles
• microglia are activated 
• alpha beta plaques can be found in the grey matter 
• ectopic B cell follicles can be formed 
• demylination and axonal damage 
• monocyte and T cell infiltration 
• neutrophil infiltration 
•