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American History critical thinking questions
43. Industrialization in the Northeast produced great benefits and also major problems. What were they? Who benefited and who suffered? Did the benefits outweigh the problems, or vice versa?
American History critical thinking questions
44. What factors led to the Panic of 1819? What government regulations might have prevented it?
American History critical thinking questions
21. Was reconciliation between the American colonies and Great Britain possible in 1774? Why or why not?
Probably not because :
- Britain wanted to keep American colonies as part of their Empire
- Britain tried to "use" colonies as a source of money after making debts in French-Indian-War (taxation)
- Colonists in America felt treated unfairly (e.g. Stamp act, coercive acts)
- "No taxation without representation"
- Boston Tea Party as protest
American History critical thinking questions
35. Describe popular attitudes toward African Americans, women, and Indians in the wake of the
Revolution. In what ways did the established social and political order depend upon keeping members of these groups in their circumscribed roles? If those roles were to change, how would American society and politics have had to adjust?
Attitude: coverture -> all the power women had, including property and fortune went into the hands of her husband the second she married. But husbands weren´t allowed to sell their wives property without her agreement.
A.A. were owned, as well as their children. They still were property but it slowly changed. Manumissions were sometimes given to slaves, allowing them to be free and act on their own. Anyway they´ve still been seen as inferior to whites.
Indians were not included in the treaty of paris and they were deprived of their ancestral grounds. After the war the U.S. ignored all Indian claims.
In some parts laws enforced these roles upon all three groups, e.g. the coverture. White men heavily profited from slavery, not having to pay for labor and creating their social status like that. Indians couldn´t be given rights because their grounds were used for white peoples benefits, such as farms.
The roles did change over time, slowly become more equal for all. Labor had to be payed, women and Indians gained rights etc.
American History critical thinking questions
History is filled with unintended consequences. How do the British government’s attempts to control and regulate the colonies during this tumultuous era provide a case in point? How did the aims of the British measure up against the results of their actions?
- British acts fueled colonists' desire to free themselves of the British power
- Formation of Sons and Daughters of Liberty shows colonists' wish to become free and autonomous
- Colonies started their own production of goods to become independent from British trade and goods
- British overestimated their power
American History critical thinking questions
37. What were the circumstances that led to Shays’ Rebellion? What was the government’s response? Would this response have confirmed or negated the grievances of the participants in the uprising? Why?
An economic crisis (the high debt after the revolutionary war and extreme inflation) led to shay´s rebellion. The Farmers had to pay the most debt/taxes but also felt they suffered the most under the crisis and thus started the rebellion. The army of Shay walked into the supreme court to achieve change but a lot of them died/were hung. In the long run it led to another constitutional convention, it led the groundwork for actual government work, they realized they needed a strong centralized government.
The economic crisis led to Shays’ Rebellion by residents of western Massachusetts, and to the decision to revise the Confederation government.
American History critical thinking questions
38. Describe Alexander Hamilton’s plans to address the nation’s financial woes. Which aspects proved most controversial, and why? What elements of the foundation Hamilton laid can still be found in the system today?
- The Report on Public Credit: Create a good image of the United States; federal government sells bonds - federal interest bearing notes – to the public; bonds have backing of the government + yield interest payments -> bonds would begin to yield interest payments in 1792.
-> most critique/ controversial: Creditors couldn’t be sure that they would get their money back later; fairness of the plan was questioned -> states with less dept questioned it (North Carolina); states with more dept supported it (South Carolina)
- The Report on a National Bank: establishing a national bank ; previous state bank notes changed into gold, so that a unified currency can be introduced
-> Critique: the Constitution did not permit the creation of a national bank by Jefferson
- The Report on Manufactures (raising revenue): Promote domestic manufactures; tax on American-made whiskey, tariffs on all foreign imports to stimulate the production of American-made goods
-> beginning of American capitalism
American History critical thinking questions
Why did the colonists react so much more strongly to the Stamp Act than to the Sugar Act? How did the principles that the Stamp Act raised continue to provide points of contention between colonists and the British government?
- Stamp act had more influence on colonists' daily lives
- Stamp act affected both the powerful and the less prestigious people
- Stamp act added to the anger already present after the Sugar act
- Stamp act left smuggling as the only option
- Money gained by taxing colonists used for British military presence in the colonies
- Stamp act= direct tax
American History critical thinking questions
40. What led to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts? What made them so controversial?
- Quasi War -> undeclared war between US and France ; undermine Federalist power
-> increase national security
- Alien: deport new arrivals who appeared to be a threat to national security -> aimed at French immigrants
- Sedition: arrest and punish anyone who talked or wrote badly about the American government
-> wanted to lower the risk of a revolution
- controversial: acts were illegal and unconstitutional
American History critical thinking questions
41. What was the most significant impact of the War of 1812?
- Generated a feeling of pride among the entire nation; start of Industrialisation; discredited the Federalist party forever
American History critical thinking questions
36. How did the process of creating and ratifying the Constitution, and the language of the Constitution itself, confirm the positions of African Americans, women, and Indians in the new republic? How did these roles compare to the stated goals of the republic?
American History critical thinking questions
45. Would the Industrial Revolution have been possible without the use of slave labor? Why or why not?
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