Mechatronics an der RWTH Aachen

Mechatronics is the synergetic integration of Mechanical Engineering with Electronics and intelligent computer-based control in the development and manufacturing of products

If, for example, a phosphorus atom (P, atomic number 15) with five valence electrons is brought into the crystal, only four of these electrons are needed for anchoring in the crystal structure. An electron remains, which can be loosened comparatively easily and is thus available as a mobile charge in the material.

elements with three valence electrons are used for doping, e. g. aluminum (Al, atomic number 13), an electron is missing to complete the crystal structure.

The missing electron can be interpreted in the electrical view as a virtual positive charge

This is called p-doping. The p refers to the positive free charge.

„A sensor transforms the measured physical value and its changes into electrical values and their changes. These values can be processed and transmitted electronically.“

range of input values, that can be mapped into a valid range of output values

should be greater than the range of the signal to be captured

smallest difference between two signals which shall be depicted by the sensor

maximum absolute difference between absolute signal quantity and measured value

1. Passive filters (only passive components: L, R, C)  

2. Active filters (with OP-AMPs, “Analog Computer”)

1. Butterworth  Flat amplitude and frequency response in pass band  Response drops steeply  Overshoots for a step response (Increases as filter order increases) 

2. Tschebyscheff  Steeply dropping frequency response  Ripple in the passband  

3, Bessel (Thomson-Filter)  Optimal behavior in frequency response (largely flat)  Low slope  Constant group delay in passband