General Pathology an der Medical University Varna

Specific responses of specialized tissues and organs to harmful stimuli

a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for microscopic examination

nuclear chromatin condensation; formation of apoptotic bodies

Basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli of the external and the internal environment

 the cause (etiology)
 the mechanisms of development (pathogenesis)
 the structural alterations in cells, tissues and
organs (molecular and morphologic changes)
 the functional consequences of the morphologic
changes (clinical significance) - signs,
symptoms, complications, outcome
+pathomorphosis …

● determining the cause of death
● audit of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis
● education of undergraduates and
postgraduates
● research into the causes and mechanisms of
disease
● gathering accurate statistics about disease
incidence.

• external
• internal

• arterial
• venous
• capillary
• cardial

-Low levels of ATP result in loss of energy-dependent cellular functions impairing metabolism and normal homeostasis

Pathology is devoted to study the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease

Definition - structural and functional disturbances, which cause pain and/or decrease quality of life

Definition - life of organisms in altered conditions of the external and the internal environment

The aim of pathology is to study the structural basis of disease at different levels

only a sample of tissue is removed