DTM an der LMU München

• Faster processing of data and allow improved the possibilities to exchange data
• The steadily increasing speed of exchanging information via the internet is often the basis for this phenomenon 
• in practices, it is hard to assess what the implications of new digital technology are without having a deeper knowledge about the technical capabilities

is the term for offering computer applications (software) as a service over the Internet, that is paid by usage. Software is no longer installed and executed but accessed online and used on demand. The supplier therefore not only provides the software, but also accessibility and security of data and applications. Technically these services run mostly in an multi-tenant environment.

is a term for a virtual computer infrastructure, that is
offered to the customer as a service. Customers are able to obtain processing and storage
power for applications on demand. In contrast to classical hosting this infrastructure is
offered in an multi-tenant architecture, which enables easy scalability on actual demand.

Customer is getting software via the internet.
Management and Improvement of the software stays at the vendor side.

Logical data independence between the used scheme and the application/operator, as well
ass physical data independence between the used scheme and the physical data storage
 Reducing redundancy to a minimum with the help of a logical data structure and by maintaining
the same revision status for multiple stored data (data consistency)
 Data base integrity (correctness/integrity of data): avoiding misentries and unauthorized
procedures (semantical integrity), as well as avoiding errors when several operators use the
same database (operative integrity)
 Preservation of the data from distortion, destruction and unauthorized access (data security),
as well as preventing unauthorized usage of data (data privacy)
 Reliability: establishing routines for the recovery of data consistency after failures (e.g. after the
uncontrolled shut down of a server)

an application object is distributed over several relations, which have to be
jointed for each single task (e.g. a new order) --> no part-of-relationships/subcategories

Relational databases tend to be sensitive to errors.
 lower data integrity and efficiency

Relational databases tend to be sensitive to errors.
 lower data integrity and efficiency

A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, nonvolatile, and time-variant collection
of data in support of management’s decisions.

Big Data represents the information assets characterized by such a high volume, velocity and
variety to require specific technology and analytical methods for its transformation into value.

“For the present purpose the artificial intelligence problem is taken to be that of making a machine behave in
ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving”

 Expert systems (also called knowledge-based systems) are built to solve problems or give
advice by reasoning based on encoded knowledge.
 The rationale of expert systems is to capture knowledge from experts (e.g. by interviewing them)
in a specific task domain and to allow non-experts to draw upon this knowledge.
 The knowledge is stored a separate entity within an expert system (the knowledge base) and
can be updated without adapting the reasoning entity (called inference engine).
 The most commonly applied method to capture knowledge are if-then rules

Digital Innovation: „the creation (and consequent change )of market offerings, business processes, or models that result from the use of digital technology” (Nambisan et al. 2017, p. 224).