English Grammar 1.Semester an der Hochschule Aalen

I am playing.

I am not playing.

Am I playing?

Signal: at the moment, just, now, Look!, Listen!

I spoke.

I didn´t speak.

Did I speak?

Signal: yesterday, 5 minutes ago, in 1999, last friday

I was speaking.

I was not speaking.

Was I speaking?

Signal (Past): when, while, as long as 

I had spoken.

I had not spoken.

Had I spoken?

Signal: already, just, not yet, once, until

(Conditional Typ III / happen before the past)

I have spoken.

I have not spoken.

Have I spoken?

(From the past until now.)

He will speak.

He will not speak.

Will he speak?

SIgnal: in a year, next..., tomorrow (Conditional Typ I)

Will-Future = facts

He is going to speak.

He is not going to speak.

Is he going to speak?

• use to express a future plan, intention, or a decision
• no fact

If + Simple Present & will + Infinitiv (going-to, might)

"If I find her address, I will send her an invitation."

We use Conditional I to talk about future events that are likely to happen.

If + Past Perfect & would / could / might

"If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. (but I can’t find it)"

We use Conditional II to talk about future events that are imaginary, unlikely or impossible. It refers to hypothetical situations in the present or future.

"If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. (but I didn’t and it’s too late now) "

We use Conditional III to imagine a past action that is the opposite to what really happened. It refers to hypothetical situations in the past.

He speaks.

He does not speak.

Does he speak?

Signalwords: always, ever, normally, often