Linguistic an der Freie Universität Berlin

Ausbausprache (elaborated for use in all functions) - external criterion

bottle (either [əl] or [l̩]) 

(syllabic consonant)

"...uniquely human capacity to express ideas and feelings by voluntarily produced speech sounds or their equivalents..." 

• : lamina (blade), region behind alveolar ridge (ʃ, ʧ, ʤ) or tip, postalveolar region (r)

Langage: Human Language (human capacity)

Langue: a language (grammatical system of a specific language)

Parôle: "Usage" (the way we actually use specific languages in specific communicative contexts)

mutually comprehensive sub-systems of a language that 

- differ from region to region (dialect): dialect continuum due to linguistic criteria "Abstand"

- between classes (sociolect): different national varieties due to socio-politic criteria "Ausbau" 

Standard British English (BrE)

Non-Standard American English (AmE)

Jamaican Creole

Stimmbänder

ways of using a language in formal and informal context

... mutually comprehensive sub-systems of a language that differ from region to region (dialect) or between classes (sociolect)

sub‐sets of a language‘s vocabulary, defined by context of use / profession

Phonetics is about the production/characterization of speech sounds in language in general (theoretically irrespective of any concrete language).

Phonology is about the function of specific sounds in the system of a specific language (theoretically irrespective of their concrete realization)