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Cellbiology
The endomembrane system
regulates protein traffic
and performs metabolic functions in the cell
•Components of the endomembrane system
–Nuclear envelope
–Endoplasmic reticulum
–Golgi apparatus
–Lysosomes
–Vacuoles
–Plasma membrane
•These components are either continuous or
connected via transfer by vesicles
Cellbiology
The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Biosynthetic Factory
•The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells
•The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope
•There are two distinct regions of ER
–Smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes
–Rough ER, surface is studded with ribosomes
Functions of Smooth ER
–Synthesises lipids
–Metabolises carbohydrates
–Detoxifies drugs and poisons
–Stores calcium ions
Functions of Rough ER
–Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded
to carbohydrates)
–Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
–Is a membrane factory for the cell
Cellbiology
•Mitochondria
are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
•Mitochondria are found in nearly all
eukaryotic cells
•They have a smooth outer membrane
and an inner membrane folded into
cristae (ist eine Falte )
–The inner membrane creates two
compartments: intermembrane space
and mitochondrial matrix(fluid)
•Some metabolic steps of cellular
respiration are catalyzed in the
mitochondrial matrix
•Cristae present a large surface area for
enzymes that synthesize ATP
Cellbiology
Peroxisomes
Oxidation
Peroxisomes are specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane
- Peroxisomes perform reactions with many different functions.
Peroxisomes break down organic molecules (notably fatty acids
and amino acids) by the process of oxidation to produce
hydrogen peroxide, which is the basis of the name peroxisome.
This is then quickly converted to oxygen and water.
- Peroxisomes produce cholesterol and phospholipids found in brain
and heart tissue. A peroxisome protein is involved in preventing
one cause of kidney stones. In plants a type of peroxisome
converts fatty acids to carbohydrates.
Cellbiology
Was haben alle Zellen gemeinsam?
Cellbiology
Prokaryotische Zellen
Cellbiology
Eukaryotische Zellen
Membran umschlossene Organellen => größtes Nucleus
Cellbiology
Ribosome
Cellbiology
Endomembransystem
besteht aus:
entweder durchgehen oder über Vesikles verbunden
Aufgaben:
reguliert Proteintransfer
übt metabolitische Funktionen aus
Cellbiology
Endoplasmatische Reticulum (ER)
Cellbiology
Smooth ER
Cellbiology
Rough ER
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