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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What are the steps of a ductile failure?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • Initial necking, stress concentration in the neck region
  • Small voids form around hard secondary particles
  • The voids coalesce to give an internal crack
  • Remaining thin ligaments shear and fail under maximum tensile stress
  • Final failure
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
In a brittle failure, is there transgranular or intergranular crack propagation?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Either, it depends on the weakest path
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What common surface feature can be seen on a brittle failure surface and what can we learn from it?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Riverlines. They can be used to pinpoint the initiation site. They are formed because the cracks front is unstable and proceeds on different planes.
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What is the difference between a ductile and brittle fracture surface?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
A ductile fracture surface is dimpled, whereas a brittle one is flat
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What is the difference in deformation between ductile and brittle failure?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
In ductile failure there is lots of plastic deformation, whereas in brittle failure there is no appreciable deformation
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What is the difference in crack propagation speed between brittle and ductile failure?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Cracks propagate slowly in ductile failure and rapid in brittle failure
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What is the difference in the type of failure between ductile and brittle failure?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Ductile failure is gradual, whereas brittle failure is catastrophic
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
When might intergranular brittle fracture occur rather than transgranular fracture?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
After the occurrence of processes that weaken or embrittle grain boundary regions
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What does the stress concentration factor K_t represent?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
It is a measure of the degree to which an external stress is amplified at the tip of a crack
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What does the stress intenstiry factor, or fracture toughness, K, represent? 
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
It is a property that is a measure of a materials resistance to brittle fracture when a crack is present. It describes local crack tip stresses (and strains) and links to energy balance approaches.
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What are the conditions for K_Ic to be valid?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • The plastic zone is ~1/50th of crack length
  • Ligaments are untracked
  • Sample is thick (no stresses perpendicular to front and back surfaces
  • Square fracture profile is seen
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What is meant by a fatigue, or endurance, limit?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
It is a limiting stress level, below which fatigue failure will not occur. This fatigue limit represents the largest value of fluctuating stress that will not cause failure for essentially an infinite number of cycles.
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Q:
What are the steps of a ductile failure?
A:
  • Initial necking, stress concentration in the neck region
  • Small voids form around hard secondary particles
  • The voids coalesce to give an internal crack
  • Remaining thin ligaments shear and fail under maximum tensile stress
  • Final failure
Q:
In a brittle failure, is there transgranular or intergranular crack propagation?
A:
Either, it depends on the weakest path
Q:
What common surface feature can be seen on a brittle failure surface and what can we learn from it?
A:
Riverlines. They can be used to pinpoint the initiation site. They are formed because the cracks front is unstable and proceeds on different planes.
Q:
What is the difference between a ductile and brittle fracture surface?
A:
A ductile fracture surface is dimpled, whereas a brittle one is flat
Q:
What is the difference in deformation between ductile and brittle failure?
A:
In ductile failure there is lots of plastic deformation, whereas in brittle failure there is no appreciable deformation
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Q:
What is the difference in crack propagation speed between brittle and ductile failure?
A:
Cracks propagate slowly in ductile failure and rapid in brittle failure
Q:
What is the difference in the type of failure between ductile and brittle failure?
A:
Ductile failure is gradual, whereas brittle failure is catastrophic
Q:
When might intergranular brittle fracture occur rather than transgranular fracture?
A:
After the occurrence of processes that weaken or embrittle grain boundary regions
Q:
What does the stress concentration factor K_t represent?
A:
It is a measure of the degree to which an external stress is amplified at the tip of a crack
Q:
What does the stress intenstiry factor, or fracture toughness, K, represent? 
A:
It is a property that is a measure of a materials resistance to brittle fracture when a crack is present. It describes local crack tip stresses (and strains) and links to energy balance approaches.
Q:
What are the conditions for K_Ic to be valid?
A:
  • The plastic zone is ~1/50th of crack length
  • Ligaments are untracked
  • Sample is thick (no stresses perpendicular to front and back surfaces
  • Square fracture profile is seen
Q:
What is meant by a fatigue, or endurance, limit?
A:
It is a limiting stress level, below which fatigue failure will not occur. This fatigue limit represents the largest value of fluctuating stress that will not cause failure for essentially an infinite number of cycles.
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