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How could physical activity be promoted at each level of the ecological model?
Level 1: Individual reinforcing physical activity as part of individual behaviour
Level 2: Close/Peer peer-led interventions in workplaces or schools, engaging with families
Level 3: Environmental provision of green space, walking trails and bike lanes.
Level 4: Societal a mass media campaign encouraging leisure activities such as playing team sports
When graphing behaviour over time, if I want to highlight to the reader that there has been a reduction in the variability in the behaviour post-intervention, I might use
Range bars
What is a Single Systems Design?
Behaviour is measured before and after an intervention designed to change behaviour.
Least robust, cant generalise
There may have been a change in level, and a change in rate in the intervention period compared to the baseline period. Which graphical tools will you use?
Mean bars could be used to illustrate a change in level.
Trend lines could be used to illustrate a change in rate.
What is frequency?
How often does the behaviour occur?
What is interval?
How long is the period between observed behaviours?
What is magnitude?
How large/intense/much are observations of the behaviour?
What is an ABAB/Withdrawal design?
Minimum experimental design. Reduces impact of external influences.
Ethical issues - will it hurt the person withdrawing the intervention?
What is duration?
How long does the behaviour occur for?
What is a multiple baseline?
At least 3 people
Start times staggered
Rule out other potential reasons for change
In Single Systems Designs, why is it necessary to understand the way in which data is trending in the baseline phase(s) before evaluating whether a change has occurred following an intervention?
If data are already trending in a certain direction prior to the intervention, any observations may be the results of pre-existing drift. It looks like the intervention has made a difference, when it has not.
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