Lernmaterialien für Cancer an der University of South Australia

decreasing in many Western countries, including Australia and New Zealand, yet is increasing in less developed and emerging economies 

most likely a consequence of the adoption of unhealthy Western lifestyles (including smoking and sedentary behaviour) and consumption of calorie-dense food 

at increased genetic risk of developing the disease. 

Risk assessment, diagnosis, Treatment, survivorship, cancer recurrance, pallative care / end of life

Fear of testing procedures,  Anticipated embarrassment, pain and fear of the procedure itself , fear of being diagnosed, Perceiving that you are too young and healthy, or that you are unlikely to get cancer (low perceived risk) and discounting symptoms = health belief model

Shock, Encounter, Retreat

Reduced decisional conflict, improved knowledge and perception of having made a more effective choice  

higher levels of anxiety, depression and negative affect and lower levels of positive affect and current happiness  

fear of the treatment itself and of possible treatment side effects. Surgical intervention may be disfiguring, leading to negative effects on self-esteem and body image 

peaks during the treatment cycle, and then gradually diminishes. Depression, then increases once the radiation treatment commences, and for many individuals remains after the conclusion of this treatment 

poorer perceived social support, increased intrusive thoughts and younger age 

cells in our bodies start dividing uncontrollably.