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Lernmaterialien
What are hair horns
rhinoceroses
- consists of densely packed hair-like fibers
- form a solid structure that is connected to
- nasal bone
- not shed
- both sexes have them
Antlers
Characteristics of deer
- not cornified (like horns) but composed of dermal bone
- when growing, covered by vascular tissue (velvet)
- replaced each year round
- found only in males except in caribou
What is the basic structure of skin in all vertebrates?
Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis
What are types of horns and antlers
1. Bovine Horns and Pronghorns
2. Hair Horns
3. Antlers
Define Stratum Granulosum
Middle layer of the epidermis, consists of 3-5 layters of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis, none of the cells above this layer recieve any nutreints from blood vessels and therefore die. These cells secrete a substance between cells that act as a waterporofing agent
Amphioxus Epidermis
only one cell thick
What are the multifunctions for the epidermis in amphioxus
- produce mucus
- primitive keratinocytes
- pigment granules
- glycogen stod
Stratum Lucidum
- found only in thickest skin,
consist of few rows of flattened keratinocytes
Stratum Corneum
- outermost layer, cells completely filled with keratin, protect skin against abrasion and penetration, also makes the skin waterproof, many layers of dead keratinocytes
What is the Function and General Structure of the Integumentary System
1. Protection
2. Sensory
3. Respiration
4. Excretion
5. Thermoregulation
6. Phenonal
7. Locomotion
Define the Dermis
- A layer of connective tissue
- well supplied with blood vessels, nerve endings, glands
- Hair follicles and nail roots are embedded here
- smooth muscle attaches hair folliciles
- in hte face - skeletal muscle attach to dermal collagen fibers which is important for facial expression
What are types of bony armour?
Bony plates (dermal) - armadillo
Plates of compact hair - pangolin
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