Lernmaterialien für Anatomy an der University of North Texas Health Science Center

Inflammation of common extensor tendon due to repetitive wrist extension.

Any superficial muscles : Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris 

Proximal displacement of the distal radius , palmar displacement fracture during wrist flexion

complication: compartment syndrome and nerve damage ( carpal tunnel)

Typically occurs midshafts. Sternocleidomastoid muscle pulls the medial fragment superiorly . The weight of the unsupported arm pulls the lateral fragment inferiorly. Additionally, Pec major pulls the lateral fragment and arm medially( under the medial fragment). 

Can affect the subclavian artery surgery may affect the subclavian artery.

wear on inflamed tendon(long head tendon usually) causes snap/pop of tendon and bulge of muscle is formed

Proximal tendon puts bulge on distal side vs distal tendon rupture puts bulge on proximal side of biceps

Twisting the biceps tendon creates tension that can pull the labrum from the glenoid fossa

due to excessive rotation during overhead throwing ex: in softball 

Damage to the scapulo-clavicular ligaments caused by fall directly on “point” of shoulder 

cause: 

Type 1: partial AC tear

Type 2 : complete AC tear

Type 3: complete AC and CC tear

Dorsal displacement of distal radius due to falling forward. fracture during wrist extension

complication: compartment syndrome and nerve damage ( carpal tunnel)

Inflammation of common flexor tendon due to repetitive gripping. 

4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm. ( pronator teres, flexor carpi ulnaris/radialis, palmaris longus) 

95% of cases are due to anterior dislocation of humeral head from the glenoid fossa due to hyperextension of abducted arm.

Can cause nerve damage such as the axillary nerve, radial nerve , suprascapular nerve and can cause Hill-sachs lesion.

Also called the "square shoulder" with inferiorly located arm and minimal deltoid detour. 

Radial head dislocation from the annular ligament due to rapid pull/jerk on pronated forearm

Forearm is held in flexed-proned position, pain upon supination

Fracture above the epicondyle. Causes high risk of brachial artery damage, ulnar and median nerve and epiphyseal growth plate damage in children.

Brachialis will pull proximal fragment anteriorly while the triceps pull the distal fragment posteriorly.