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what are zonular fibres?
they are suspensory ligaments that attach the ciliary body to the lens
what are the stimuluss to accommodation
1. optical blur
2. change in eye vergence
3. tonic accommodation
induced accommodation
what is presbyopia
the gradual decrease in accommodative ability with age
optical blur can occur by
1. moving a target towards patient
2. placing minus lens infront of eye
what is accommodation
a process in which the dioptric power of the eye changes due to contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle and the shape of the lens changes
accommodation is the difference in the far point and near point of accommodation
describe the mechanism of accommodation
1. ciliary muscle contracts
2. muscle moves anteriorly
3. the tension on the zonular fibres lessens
4. lens becomes more spherical and increases in power
what can you use to measure fusion vergence range
1. single prism
2. prism bar
3. Risley (variable) prism
why is fusional vergence made?
to maintain single vision
what is disparity fusional vergence?
vergence that is caused by retinal disparity
what does the fusional vergence range measure
it measures the ability to maintain single binocular vision in the presence of an increasing vergence demand
wat does a prism dioptre represent
it represents the deviation of light of 1cm through a prism at a distance of 1 metre
in binocular fixation the allignment of the eyes results from
1. anatomical factors
2. the basic tonus of the extraocular muscles
3. the eyes accommodative power
4. the fusion reflex
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