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What is an embedded system?
A system with a computer embedded in it. It provides flexibility, is cheap and simple.
what is an opcode?
Binary number encoding a particular operation.
What is the ALU?
Arithmetic and Logical Unit. Block of logic that performs arithmetic and logical operations.
What is a CPU register?
a small set of high speed storage within a CPU that is directly connected to the internal CPU logic. Limited to around 16-32 bits.
What is the Program Counter?
the program counter is a CPU register whose contents are the address in memory of the next instruction to be fetched.
What are the flag outputs of the ALU?
C: carry. N = positive/negative. Z = zero or not. V = overflow or not.
Give two examples of indirect memory.
Hard disks - CPU communicates with I/O device "Disk controller" which accesses hard disks via an external standard bus.
USB memory sticks - accessed via a similar "USB controller" using Standard Universal Serial Bus.
What is an address decoder?
An Address Decoder receives inputs 'A1 A0 ...' from CPU and decodes - consequently discerning which memory location is required, as well as whether a read or write signal is desired. Also Chip Enable (CE) signal decoded here.
With N bits of 'address' (Inputs to decoder) how many memory locations will you have?
2^N
What is the instruction set?
Unique to CPU: complete list of instructions that CPU capable of executing.
What is the purpose of the Chip Enable (CE) pin?
Acts an override for writing and reading functionality in a memory chip.
What is the purpose of a tristate buffer?
A tristate buffer is a special type of input/output with a switch inside it, so outputs are 0, 1 or OFF depending on an external input (controlled by decoder)
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