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what is bilirubin converted to in the endoplasmic reticulum?
bilirubin the endoplasmic reticulum is converted into a polar molecule by binding bilirubin to glutamic acid. The enzyme UDP glucuronic transferase
allows glucuronic acid(known as UDP glucuronate to bind to 1 or both propionic side chain of the bilirubin. this forms bilirubin monoglucuronide and bilirubin diglucuronide. this is known as conjugated or esterified bilirubin
bilirubin that is not conjugated is known as?
non-esterified, free bilirubin
how is bilirubin secreted into the bile?
bilirubin is secreted int the bile by hepatocytes. they pass through the transport system(ative transport) which is aided by multi-specific organic anio transporter(MOAT). this allows bilirubin to be transported into the bile canaliculi from here to the bile duct where they are temporarily stored in the gall bladder(the concentration of bile is higher here)
what happens to CB(bilirubin glucuronide) in the colon(large intestine)?
In the large intestine there is intestinal flora. this flora contains B-glucuronidases this cleaves(remove) gluconic acid from bilirubin and instead hydrogenates bilirubin(gives hydrogen to bilirubin) which forms urobilinogen which is a colourless compound.
what happens to urobilinogen in the small and big intestine?
part of the urobilinogen in the small and big intestine can be reabsorbed through the portal vein. Urobilinogen in the blood most are picked by hepatocytes. those picked y hepatocytes undergoes the enterohepatic cycle of bile pigment. Here urobilinogen turns into bile and is re-excreted again.
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