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Which neurotransmitter do you find in skeletal muscle?
Acetylcholine
Name the primary ion responsible for depolarisation in an action potential.
Na+ moving inwards
In electricity, what is g?
Conductance - reciprocal of resistance (1/R)
It is the ease with which charge can be conducted along a particular path
What is a “failed initiation” of an action potential?
A small, local depolarisation that fails to reach the threshold potential and therefore fails to trigger an action potential in the post-synaptic cell
What is the function of the sarcomere?
Contraction by pulling fixed structures (Z lines) toward each other.
If many sarcomeres shorten it causes whole muscle contraction.
What does an active ACh receptor do?
Small depolarisation in myocyte membrane that may initiate myocyte action potential
Name 5 symptoms (or signs) that a physician might detect due to ionic concentrations being unbalanced.
Cardiac arrhythmias.
Tics and nervous dysfunctions
Seizures
Bone deformities
Oedema
What is the main functional difference between an excitable cell and a non-excitable cell?
Excitable cells can produce OR respond to electrical signals
Excitable cells can propagate action potentials
Non-excitable cells do not respond to an action potential
What is the equilibrium potential of Ca2+?
+123 mV
Compare the fluid content (particularly the ions) inside the cells to the fluid surrounding the cells.
Inside: main cation is K+; the main anion is protein and Cl-
Extracellular: main cation is Na+; the main anion is Cl-
What are the main causes of ionic imbalances in patients?
Trauma, haemorrhage, diarrhoea, vomiting, hormonal imbalances, diabetes, diuretics, kidney dysfunction, dehydration, poisons
Superficially describe the fluid content (particularly the ions) surrounding the cells.
Extracellular fluid: water, with electrolytes in it (Na+ and Cl-) It is pH = 7.4
ECF has much less protein than intracellular space or than the plasma, so it has more Cl- and less protein than those other fluid compartments
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