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what are graded potentials? what do they include?
any change in electric potential of a neuron that is not propagated along the cell but declines with increasing distance from the source.
They include receptor, postsynaptic and subthreshold potentials
what is the purpose of the ciliary muscles (Haarmuskeln)?
they adjust focus by changing the shape of the lens
what does the word accommodation describe?
the process of focusing the lens
what do the cornea and the lens do?
they focus light
which parts of the eye control the amount of light entering it?
the pupil, an opening in the iris
which muscles in the eye control eye movement?
the extraocular muscles
what is the fovea? what are its features?
the fovea is a small area/ dent in the retina with the highest density of cones
what is the optic disc and where can we find it?
it is an area in the eye where we cannot percieve vision since there are no photoreceptors. Instead, the optic nerve exits the eyeball there
why does the focus of sight decrease with increasing age?
because the ciliary muscles weaken and cannot shape the lens as well
what is refraction (Brechung)?
the bending of light, is done by the cornea and forms the image
what have all cell types in the reetina except the ganglion cells have in common?
they all generate graded potentials, ganglion cells fire action potentials
how are quanta with visible wavelengths called?
photons
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