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Objective of Frascati
How to compare countries (statistics on R&D)
use same methodology
editions? year? Frascati
7 editions
1963
frascati an academic publication?
NO its practical --> how to do statistics
why frascati relevant?
to compare R&D efforts made by countries
Objective Oslo
compare countries (statistics on Innovation)
How to conceptualize business innovation statistics
Oslo editions? year?
4 editions
1992
How many countries have adopted Oslo?
More than 80
Why Oslo necessary?
To compare countries in terms of innovation efforts
Difference Innovation & Invention
Invention can be an Innovation but has to be implemented
Linear Model
Technology Push: Progression thhat goes from scientific discovery, throw technological developmento to the market
Market Pull: The market is the source of new ideas, then comes its development, manufacturing and sales
Chain Links Model
Many feedback loops occure between the different stages of the progress
more complex
not as easy from policy view as linear model
Organization in charge of international statistics on R&D and Innovation
OECD organization for economic cooperation and development
38 states
coordinate economic and social policy
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