BMA: W3 Respiratory System at Monash University | Flashcards & Summaries

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Lernmaterialien für BMA: W3 Respiratory System an der Monash University

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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What are the components of the upper respiratory tract?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • Nasal cavity
  • Nostril
  • Oral Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • Trachea
  • Right & Left main (primary) bronchus
  • Right & Left lung
  • Secondary & Tertiary bronchi
  • Diaphragm
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
What are the components of the Respiratory Tree?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Trachea → Primary Bronchi → Labor Bronchi → Bronchioles → Terminal Bronchioles → Respiratory Bronchioles (Respiratory Zone)
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Role of Respiratory Zone
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
site of gas exchange
contains Alveolar Sacs & Alveoli
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Describe Alveoli
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • Surrounded by capillaries
  • Large SA
  • Type 1 & 2 cells
  • thin respiratory membrane
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Describe Type 2 (Alveoli) cells
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • produce surfactant
  • surfactant reduces surface tension of alveolar fluid → interferes with attraction between water molecules
  • prevents alveolar collapse
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Describe the Respiratory Membrane
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
3 layers: Alveolar Epithelium,  Fused Basement Membrane, Capillary Endothelium
  • Thin
  • efficient gas exchange via simple diffusion
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Explain Inspiration
Lösung anzeigen
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Inspiratory muscles act on increasing Thorax Volume
  • Diaphragm: moves down during contraction
  • External Intercostalselevate & evert ribs
As intra pulmonary pressure drops, air enters lungs until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric Pressure
  • Inspiration= Active
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
 Explain Expiration (Quiet Breathing)
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • Passive!
  • no muscles used
  • inspiratory muscles relax
  • chest wall & lungs recoil to decrease Thoracic volume

Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Explain Expiration (Heavy breathing)
Lösung anzeigen
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  • Active
  • Abdominal recti push abdominal contents up against diaphragm → decrease Thoracic Volume
  • Internal intercostals lower ribcage
  • air flows out of lungs down pressure gradient
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
  What are the mechanisms that control respiration?
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TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Chemoreceptors
Pressure Receptors
Lösung ausblenden
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Explain how chemoreceptors control respiration
Lösung anzeigen
TESTE DEIN WISSEN
Chemoreceptors detect levels of /changes in CO2, pH, O2
  • Central: located in brainstem → detect changes in CO2
  • Peripheral: located in Aortic Arch & Carotid bodies → detect changes in pH, CO2,02
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Q:
What are the components of the upper respiratory tract?
A:
  • Nasal cavity
  • Nostril
  • Oral Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
Q:
What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?
A:
  • Trachea
  • Right & Left main (primary) bronchus
  • Right & Left lung
  • Secondary & Tertiary bronchi
  • Diaphragm
Q:
What are the components of the Respiratory Tree?
A:
Trachea → Primary Bronchi → Labor Bronchi → Bronchioles → Terminal Bronchioles → Respiratory Bronchioles (Respiratory Zone)
Q:
Role of Respiratory Zone
A:
site of gas exchange
contains Alveolar Sacs & Alveoli
Q:
Describe Alveoli
A:
  • Surrounded by capillaries
  • Large SA
  • Type 1 & 2 cells
  • thin respiratory membrane
Mehr Karteikarten anzeigen
Q:
Describe Type 2 (Alveoli) cells
A:
  • produce surfactant
  • surfactant reduces surface tension of alveolar fluid → interferes with attraction between water molecules
  • prevents alveolar collapse
Q:
Describe the Respiratory Membrane
A:
3 layers: Alveolar Epithelium,  Fused Basement Membrane, Capillary Endothelium
  • Thin
  • efficient gas exchange via simple diffusion
Q:
Explain Inspiration
A:
Inspiratory muscles act on increasing Thorax Volume
  • Diaphragm: moves down during contraction
  • External Intercostalselevate & evert ribs
As intra pulmonary pressure drops, air enters lungs until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric Pressure
  • Inspiration= Active
Q:
 Explain Expiration (Quiet Breathing)
A:
  • Passive!
  • no muscles used
  • inspiratory muscles relax
  • chest wall & lungs recoil to decrease Thoracic volume

Q:
Explain Expiration (Heavy breathing)
A:
  • Active
  • Abdominal recti push abdominal contents up against diaphragm → decrease Thoracic Volume
  • Internal intercostals lower ribcage
  • air flows out of lungs down pressure gradient
Q:
  What are the mechanisms that control respiration?
A:
Chemoreceptors
Pressure Receptors
Q:
Explain how chemoreceptors control respiration
A:
Chemoreceptors detect levels of /changes in CO2, pH, O2
  • Central: located in brainstem → detect changes in CO2
  • Peripheral: located in Aortic Arch & Carotid bodies → detect changes in pH, CO2,02
BMA: W3 Respiratory System

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