Toxicology at Hochschule Mannheim

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Warum wirkt ein Gift unterschiedlich bei Mensch und Tier/ Mann und Frau/ Erwachsener und Kind?

Abhängigkeit von Alter, Geschlecht, Gewicht, Schwellendosis, Fett-/Muskelgewebe, Gesundheitszustand, Morphologie

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Defintion Toxikologie

Lehre vom Gift, Lehre von den schädlichen Wirkungen chemischer Substanzen auf lebende Organismen

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Wie heißt das Protein, an das Herzglykoside binden?

Na+/K+-ATPase

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Was machen FMO? Welche Gruppen übertragen diese?

Phase-I-Enzym: Umwandlung von lipophilen Metabolite in weniger lipophile Metabolite
Übertragen Sauerstoffatom aus molekularem Sauerstoff

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Was sind die 3 Phasen einer Vergiftung?

Expositionsphase (äußere & innere)
Toxokinetische Phase (LADME)
Toxodynamische Phase (toxische Wirkung: akut/chronisch?)

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Was versteht man unter Toxikokinetik?

= Prozesse, denen eine potenziell toxische Substanz in einem Organismus unterworfen ist

--> Was macht der Körper mit der Substanz?

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Was versteht man unter scheinbarem Verteilungsvolumen?

Substanz reichert sich im Gewebe an
Blutkonzentration dadurch geringer
Berechnung des Verteilungsvolumens überschreitet tatsächliches Verteilungsvolumen

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Welche Phase-I-Metabolite reagieren zwar nicht mit Makromolekülen können aber biologische Aktivität besitzen?

Nukleophile Metaboliten mit Hydroxyl-, Sulfhydryl-, Amino- oder Carboxygruppe
Rezeptor-Liganden-Interaktion möglich --> dadurch möglicherweise biologisch aktiv

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Welche Enzyme übertragen atomaren Sauerstoff?

Monooxygenasen, wie CYP oder FMO (= Flavin-abhängige-Monooxygenase)

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Was für ein Komplex entsteht beim Enzymmechanismus des CYP450?

= hochreaktiver Fe2+-O2-Komplex

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Wie läuft der Enzymmechanismus der CYP450?

1. Substrat bindet an aktives Zentrum Enzym

2. Hämin (Fe3+) der CYP450 wird reduziert (Fe2+)

3. Molekularer Sauerstoff bindet an Häm

4. Aufnahme eines weiteren Elektrons durch CYP-Reduktase

5. Hochreaktiver Fe2+-O2--Komplex entsteht

6. Anlagerung zweier Protonen = Wasserabsaltung + Oxidation Häm zu Hämin

7. Instabiles Mediat übernimmt Sauerstoffatom = Reaktionsprodukt

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Welche Hydrolasen gibt es?

Esterasen:
- Acetylcholinesterasen
- Lipasen
- Phosphatasen
- Nukleasen
Peptidase:
- Amidasen

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Toxicology at Hochschule Mannheim

Flashcards and summaries for Toxicology at the Hochschule Mannheim

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