at Hochschule Landshut | Flashcards & Summaries

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Verteilung von Blut

3-4 Liter in Arterien und Venen, der Rest befindet sich in Reservedepots (Milz, Leber)

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Zusammensetzung des Blutes

- feste Bestandteile (40-45%): Erythrozyten, Leukozyten, Thrombozyten - Blutplasma (55-60%): Wasser, Proteine, Elektrolyte (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca+), enthält Abbaustoffe (Harnstoff, Harnsäure, Kreatinin), Spurenelemente, Vitamine, Hormone, Glucose - Blutserum: Blutplasma ohne Fibrinogen (Gerinnungsfaktor)

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Blutbildung (Hämatopoese)

Im roten Knochenmark (rote und weiße Blutkörperchen), Lymphknoten, Milz, Tonsillen, Thymus (Lymphozyten)

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Aufgaben des Blutes

- Transportfunktion: O2, CO2, Nährstoffe (Eiweis, Vitamine), Hormone, Elektrolyte, Medikamente, Abwehrstoffe, Wärme, Wasser, Ausscheidungen - Verbindung zu allen Organen des Körpers - Erhaltung der Homöostase: Pufferfunktion (Erhaltung des PH Wertes von 7,37-7,40 im Blut) - Regulation der Körpertemperatur - Regulation des osmotischen Drucks - Signalübermittlung (Hormone) - Blutgerinnung/-stillung - Abwehrfunktion

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Was passiert bei zu wenig Sauerstoff (Höhe)?

Es werden vermehrt Erythrozyten gebildet (in den hämatopoetischen Stammzellen im Knochenmark)

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Was passiert bei Entzündungen?

Es werden vermehrt Leukozyten gebildet.

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Hämatokrit

Anteil aller roten Blutkörperchen im Gesamtblut (Männer ca.50%, Frauen ca 40%)

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Erythrozyten

- Starke Verformbarkeit - Keine Zellorganellen - Hauptsächlich aus Hämoglobin bestehend - Lebensdauer ca. 120 Tage, nicht teilungsfähig - Bildung und Reifung im roten Knochenmark, Abbau in Knochenmark, Milz und Leber - Träger der Blutgruppenantigene - legen in ihrer Lebenszeit gut 300km zurück

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Aufgaben der Erythrocyten

- O2 Transport - Regulierung des ph Wertes - CO2 Abtransport

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Leukocyten

- Lebensdauer: einige Tage bis einige Jahre (Gedächtniszellen) - Nur 10% befinden sich im Blut (sonst Gewebe, Knochenmark) - Benutzen Blut als Transportmittel, um zu ihren Wirkorten zu gelangen - Diapedese: die Leukocyten können durch verletzte Kapillarwände ins Gewebe austreten

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Bildung Leukocyten

Bildung im roten Knochenmark. Abbau durch andere Leukocyten

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Thrombocyten

- Kein Zellkern, aber Zellorganelle - Lebensdauer ca.10 Tage - Bildung im Knochenmark - Abbau in Leber und Milz

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BMG at Hochschule Landshut

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BMG at Hochschule Landshut

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