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von Restorff effect
The finding that a to-be-remembered item that is distinctively different from other items is especiallly likely to be remembered
Main reason mnemonic techniques are effective
They enable to use previously learned retrieval structures stored in long-term memory
Modal Model
A term applied to the model of memory developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
Sensory memory -> Short-Term memory -> Long-Term memory
proactive interference
disruption of memory
retrieval cue (same stimulus) is associated with several different responses.
Gestalt psychology
attempt to use perceptual principles to understand memory and reasoning
Schemas
Proposed by Bartlett to explain how our knowledge of the world is structured and influences the way in which new information is stored and subsequently recalled
Sensory Memory
A term applied to the brief storge of information within a specific modality
Iconic memory
echoic memory
brief storage of visual information
brief storage of verbal information
Masking
A process by which the perception and/ or storage of a stimulus is influenced by events occuring immediately before (forward masking) or after (backward masking)
Short-term memory (STM)
A term applied to the retention of small amounts of material over periods of a few seconds.
Working memory
A memory system that underpins our capacity to “keep things in mind” when performing complex tasks.
Explicit/declarative memory
Memory that is open to intentional retrieval, whether based on recollecting personal events (episodic memory) or facts (semantic memory).
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